carnivalesque; heteroglossia; polyphony. Further Reading: K. Clark and M. Holquist Mikhail Bakhtin (1984). M. Holquist Dialogism (2002). D. Lodge After Bakhtin (1990). cinema-vĂ©ritĂ© (film-truth) A documentary style of film-making in which, according to Russian director Dziga Vertov (who originally coined the term in 1940), there are no actors, no sets, no scripts, and no acting. The objective of cinema-vĂ©ritĂ© is to capture everyday life reality on film. The camera supposedly acts as an innocent recording device, allowing subjects to speak for themselves. So cinema-vĂ©ritĂ© treats editing and staging as distortions---albeit inevitable---of reality, and these typical aspects of film-making are deliberately kept to a minimum. It might seem that so-called âreality TVâ is simply a glitzy version of cinema-vĂ©ritĂ©, but the truth is that these are highly staged and carefully edited programmes with very little interest in objectivity. A better example is Michael Aptedâs remarkable Up series of documentary films, which began in 1963 with a series of short interviews with 14 seven-year-old children and has been followed up every 7 years since, thus creating an astonishing 42-year record of the changing lives of a cross section of Britain.