A philosophical and political position which posits that there is a connection between the social mentality underpinning the domination of women in patriarchal society and the domination and degradation of nature by industrial capitalism. The term was coined by French feminist and science fiction writer, Françoise dâEubonne in Le FĂ©minisme ou la mort (1974) (Feminism or Death), a work that envisioned a future in which feminist attitudes prevailed, thus saving the planet from its seemingly inexorable course towards eco-death. Ecofeminism challenges the meaning of âproductivityâ, arguing that industrial, value-adding productivity is very far from the only form of productivity there is and that the hegemonic form is environmentally unsustainable. There is no single form of ecofeminism, but all forms have at their core the belief that addressing the causes of the imbalance of power between the sexes is essential to averting environmental disaster, that in other words it is only by changing deep-seated social and cultural attitudes that effective steps to save the planet can be made. Disagreement between the various branches of ecofeminism tends to hinge on whether the connection between women and nature is a source of power or oppression. A substantial body of work has developed under this rubric in most of the major languages. Further Reading: G. Gaard and P Murphy Ecofeminist Literary Criticism: Theory, Interpretation, Pedagogy (1998). M. Mies and V. Shiva Ecofeminism (1993). K. Warren and N. Erkal Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature (1997). Ăcole Freudienne de Paris (Freudian School of Paris) Founded by Lacan, Jacques in 1964 after he was expelled from the International Psychoanalytical Association, to train analysts to practise as psychoanalysts. The founding members of the School included Certeau, Michel de, Castoriadis, Cornelius, Guattari, FĂ©lix, and Irigaray, Luce. At the invitation of Althusser, Louis, the school was based at Ăcole Normale SupĂ©rieure. Its membership fluctuated between 150 and 600 according to the changes in political tides. Lacan dissolved the School abruptly in January 1980.