The view that past events must be understood and judged within the context of their own times. This is because, as Frege, Gottlob argued, all societies are the product of their history. So, for example, New Historicism argues that to read Shakespeare properly one has to read it from the perspective of his peers, and see it as his original audiences did. Historicism also refers to the view that history unfolds according to certain inexorable laws, such as the economic laws of supply and demand. For this reason Marxism is often regarded as a form of historicism, though not all Marxist scholars accept this label (Althusser, Louis, for one, rejects it completely). Karl Popper wrote derisive critiques of historicism, which was a code word for Marxism for him in any case, arguing (quite mistakenly) that it is totalitarian in that it tries to describe everything that happens and in that it imposes a single narrative on the unfolding of events.