gaze **(le regard)

** A concept used by both Sartre, Jean-Paul and Lacan, Jacques, though with slightly different meanings, to formulate the existentialism problem of being looked at by another (for this reason, it is also sometimes translated as ‘the look’). Simply put, the problematic is this: If ‘I’ as an observing subject have consciousness and the object ‘I’ gaze at does not, then what does that mean to ‘me’ when another gazes upon me, thus transforming ‘me’ into an object of their consciousness? The gaze of the other inevitably degrades ‘my’ being-for-oneself and transforms it into a being-for-others. In other words, it is the gaze that enables the subject to recognize that the Other is also a subject. Commenting on Sartre’s work, in a very early seminar, Lacan twists this problem further and argues that in fact it is the object that gazes at ‘us’ and not the other way round. The gaze is not ‘me’ looking at the other, but rather the other looking at me. Film theorists, particularly Metz, Christian and Laura Mulvey have used this concept to great effect in their analysis of the function of cinema. Further Reading: J. Rose Sexuality in the Field of Vision (1986).