The perseverance or renewal of colonial institutions (particularly models and style of governance), practices and thinking after decolonization. The term was proposed by the Ghanaian independence leader Kwame Nkrumah in Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism (1965). His thesis is that although countries such as his own Ghana achieved independence from their previous colonial overlords, their economies and hence their political situations continued to be defined and shaped by external powers under the structural conditions now known as globalization. This is particularly true of resource-rich nations like Nigeria, which has abundant oil, but little in the way of manufacturing, and is therefore dependent on global markets for its wealth. Theorists of Empire, such as Hardt, Michael and Negri, Antonio, see this condition of neocolonialism as central to the new world order in which power exerts itself temporally (through the flows of finance or people) rather than spatially or territorially.